Altitude Sickness Prevention

Service Description

Altitude illness Altitude illness includes a number of conditions that may occur in individuals travelling to high altitude, usually above 2,500 metres (8,200 feet). Most trips to altitude can be enjoyed safely if sensible precautions are taken. High altitude is defined as an elevation above 1,500m and can be divided into the following categories: high altitude 1,500 to 3,500m, very high altitude 3,500 to 5,500m and extreme altitude above 5,500m. If an individual ascends gradually to high altitude, their body is usually able to adjust to the reduced oxygen levels. This process is known as acclimatisation. If ascent is too swift, then acclimatisation may not occur rapidly enough and altitude illness may follow. Altitude illness includes: acute mountain sickness (AMS), high altitude cerebral oedema (HACE) and high altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE). Severe AMS, HACE and HAPE are life-threatening conditions that need urgent attention. Symptoms include: AMS– headache, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, sleep disturbance, fatigue and weakness. HACE– confusion, altered consciousness and incoordination. HAPE– Increasing breathlessness, breathlessness lying flat, cough (initially dry then wet), chest tightness and blood tinged sputum. Prevention The key to preventing high altitude illness is gradual ascent with regular rest days. Medications may be used to help prevent altitude illness in certain individuals. People with pre-existing medical conditions should consult with their healthcare provider prior to travel. General advice Awareness of the symptoms of altitude illness is crucial. Symptoms at altitude are caused by altitude illness until proven otherwise. Never ascend to sleep at a higher altitude in the presence of symptoms of altitude illness. Always attempt to descend if symptoms of altitude illness worsen at a given altitude or if symptoms are severe. Never leave an individual with altitude illness alone. Always trek with an experienced guide. Travel insurance should adequately cover the itinerary and activities planned. The maximum altitude should be disclosed and emergency evacuation by helicopter included within the policy. Where possible travel from altitudes less than 1,200m to altitudes greater than 3,500m in a single day should be avoided. Above 3,000m avoid increasing sleeping elevation by more than 500m a day and ensure a rest day (at the same altitude) every three or four days.